The Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint that connects the lower jaw to the temporal bones of the skull. Temporomandibular joint disorder, known more commonly as TMD, occurs when there are problems with the muscles and jaws in the face.

What are signs of TMD

  • Radiating pain in the face, jaw or neck or shoulder areas

  • Jaw muscle soreness and stiffness; including fullness or tired feeling in the face as well as swelling in the side of the face

  • Limited jaw movement along with possibility of the jaw popping and locking open or closed. (open lock vs. closed lock); difficulty in chewing or inability to chew certain foods

  • Changes in their occlusion/bite

  • Headaches

  • Ear pain, fullness, pressure and even ringing in the ears (tinnitus)

  • Dizziness and vision problems have also been reported

What are common causes of TMD

  • Trauma to the jaw

  • Clenching/Grinding of the teeth (can be nighttime, daytime or both)

  • Excessive gum chewing

  • Stress and other physiological issues

  • Maligned jaws and/or bite

  • Arthritis/Autoimmune Diseases

  • Infections

  • Prolonged mouth opening or hyperextension/movement due to surgical procedures

Teeth Grinding

Teeth grinding is one of the most common cause of TMD. It can cause severe damage to your teeth. It is the process of clenching the teeth, that is not associated with chewing. Some people grind their teeth when they feel stressed, but a lot of people grind their teeth while sleeping, they just aren't aware of it. If left untreated, it can potentially lead to a number of other dental issues. Practicing stress relieving exercises or wearing a mouthguard at night are just some of the ways to stop grinding.

Treatment

While there is no single cure for TMD, there are different treatments that may reduce your symptoms dramatically. Your dentist may recommend one or more of the following:

  • Trying to eliminate muscle spasm and pain by applying moist heat or taking medication, such as muscle relaxants, aspirin, other over-the-counter pain-relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs.

  • Reducing the harmful effects of clenching and grinding by wearing a night guard or splint. Custom-made to fit your mouth, the device slips over the upper teeth and keeps them from grinding against the lower teeth.

  • Learning relaxation techniques to help control muscle tension in the jaw. Your dentist may suggest you seek help from physiotherapist.